![]() They help control movement and add stability to joints. Ligaments are strong fibrous bands, such as the cruciate and collateral ligaments of the knee, which join articular surfaces.If the synovial membrane becomes inflamed (synovitis) because of injury or illness, the feeding capillaries become more permeable and fluid rushes into the joint – commonly known as water on the knee. Synovial fluid becomes thicker in cold weather. ![]() Synovial fluid is a yellowish oily fluid that lubricates the articulating surfaces, forms a fluid cushion between surfaces, provides nutrients for the hyaline cartilage, and absorbs debris produced by friction between joint surfaces.Synovial membrane – this is a fine membrane which lines the inside of the joint capsule, but does not cover the hyaline cartilage.Surrounding muscles also help to add stability to joints. The capsule adds stability to a joint, and stops unwanted material from entering the joint. Joint/articular capsule – this is a strong, fibrous tissue envelope surrounding the joint, and attached to the bones near the edge of the articular surfaces.This protects the bone tissue, and helps to reduce friction between the bones. Hyaline cartilage – the articular surfaces of the bones (the ends of the bones that meet in the joints) are covered with hyaline (articular) cartilage, which forms a smooth, white, shiny mass on the surface.There are many common characteristics between the different types of synovial joints. Examples include the knee, wrist and shoulder joints. Freely moveable (synovial) joints allow free movement.The disc between the vertebrae is compressed on one side. ![]() For example, when the back bends, the joint between two vertebrae moves only a small amount. The individual bones are joined by cartilage.
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